Atopic Dermatitis & Eczema

Eczema (pronounced “EG-zuh-muh”) refers to a group of skin conditions characterized by inflamed, red, and itchy skin. 

Atopic dermatitis is a specific form of chronic eczema that usually develops before age 5. Atopic dermatitis is becoming increasingly common and currently affects 10%-20% of children and 1%-3% of adults worldwide. Most children (around 60%) outgrow their atopic dermatitis by age 10.

The skin is a barrier that acts as a shield to protect the body from external stressors, such as bacteria and viruses. The skin barrier also helps to retain moisture in the skin. However, for individuals with atopic dermatitis, the skin barrier is impaired and becomes increasingly permeable. The increased permeability allows pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, to pass through the skin and enter the body, which leads to characteristic inflammation, redness, and itch. The impaired skin barrier also allows moisture loss which causes skin dryness.

TRIGGERS THAT MAY CAUSE A FLARE OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS:

  • Cold temperature

  • Stress

  • Infection

  • Allergies

  • Irritants/Soaps

  • Sweat

SYMPTOMS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS:

Infants

  • Dry, scaly, and itchy skin generally on the scalp and face, usually cheeks.

  • Rubbing against bedding and carpet to relieve itch.

  • Skin infections due to rubbing and itching.

Children and Teenagers

  • Rash generally in creases of elbows and knees, may also be on the neck, wrists, or ankles.

  • Itchy and scaly patches where the rash is.

  • Possible thickening and discolouration of skin with rash.

Adults

  • Dry, itchy, and scaly skin on creases of elbows, knees, neck, and face.  

  • Skin infections.

  • Possible thickening and discolouration of skin with rash.